What Is Vaginismus and How Is It Treated?

Vaginismus is a condition in which the muscles around the vaginal opening tighten involuntarily when penetration is attempted or anticipated. It can make intercourse, tampon use or pelvic exams difficult or painful.

What does vaginismus feel like?

Some people describe burning, stinging, tightness or the feeling that penetration is impossible. The reaction is involuntary; it is not simply a matter of “relaxing more.”

Why does it happen?

There is not one single cause. Anxiety, previous painful experiences, pelvic-floor dysfunction, fear of penetration and other physical or emotional factors may contribute. Sometimes there is no obvious trigger.

Treatment is individualized

Evaluation by a gynecologist or pelvic-health professional can help rule out other causes of pain. Treatment may include pelvic-floor physical therapy, education, gradual desensitization or vaginal trainers, counseling or sex therapy when anxiety or trauma is part of the picture.

Do not force penetration

Pushing through pain can increase fear and muscle tension. Progress is usually easier when pressure is removed and the person remains in control of each step.

Vaginismus is treatable, but there is no need to handle it alone. Professional support can help identify the right combination of physical and psychological approaches for the individual.